APA Citation Format
Other Online Guides
APA Guide from OWL at Purdue University
Sample Papers
Sample APA paper from OWL
Sample APA paper from APAStyle.org
Annotated Bibliography
APA 7th edition Handbook
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association by Call Number: BF76.7 .P83 2020ISBN: 9781433832161Publication Date: 2019
APA Citation Style 7th edition
This section provides information about writing a paper in APA style, and includes the following sections:
Writing your paper
- Formatting your paper in APA 7 style
- Headings, Figures and Tables
- Quoting, paraphrasing and summarizing
- In-text and parenthetical citations
- Citing sources with missing information
Creating a Bibliography Page
- Formatting a References page
- Citing books and e-books
- Citing journal articles, newspapers, and other documents
- Citing websites, social media posts, emails, interviews, and AI Tools
- Citing audio visual and other formats
More resources
Citing OERs in APA
Open Educational Resources (OERs) are learning, teaching and research materials in any format and medium that reside in the public domain, or are under copyright but have been released under an open license that permits no-cost access, re-use, re-purpose, adaptation and redistribution by others.
---definition provided by UNESCO
The official APA (American Psychological Association) Style Guide says:
- Create a reference to an OER only when the materials are available for download directly (i.e., the materials are on the page and/or can be downloaded as PDFs or other files). If you are directed to another website, create a reference to the specific webpage on that website where the materials can be retrieved. Use this format for material in any OER repository, such as OER Commons, OASIS, or MERLOT.
- Cite OERs with the same format as webpages, which are covered in Section 10.16 of the APA Publication Manual, Seventh Edition.
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EXAMPLES: Fagan, J. (2019, March 25). Nursing clinical brain. OER Commons. Retrieved January 7, 2020, from https://www.oercommons.org/authoring/53029-nursing-clinical-brain/view
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For more information on citing OERs see APAStyle.apa.org.
Note that there are no current APA instructions for citing Creative Commons (CC) licensed works. Cite them the same way you would cite any work. Please check with your instructor for guidance.
APA and ChatGPT
If your instructor allows you to use ChatGPT, they may want you to cite it.
You can find out how to cite ChatGPT in APA Style on the: