General rules
o Books Titles (as well as journal, magazine, newspaper, encyclopedia, and database titles) should be italicized and capitalized.
o Article titles should be in “quotation marks”.
Medium of Publication
For MLA citations, you will notice a place for the “Format” of your source. The “Format” is the medium of publication. For more on formats, see MLA 5.7. Here are the most common formats you might use:
Missing Elements
If any of your sources are missing elements, like the date or publisher, use the following abbreviations, if applicable:
No date = n. d.
No place of publication = n. p.
No publisher = n. p.
No pagination = n. pag.
Abbreviation | Term |
ed. | edition |
Rev. ed. | Revised edition |
2nd ed. | second edition |
Ed. (Eds.) | Editor (Editors) |
Trans. | Translator |
n.d. | no date |
p. (pp.) | page (pages) |
Vol. | Volume (as in Vol. 4) |
Vols. | Volumes (as in Vols. 1-4) |
No. | Number |
Pt. | Part |
Tech.Rep. | Technical Report |
Suppl. | Supplement |
General Format for Articles Electronic or print article with DOI Author(s). (Year, Month Day if available). Title of article. Title of Publication, volume number (issue number), pp. <insert page range>. doi:0000000/000000000000
Electronic article without a DOI Author(s). (Year, Month Day if available). Title of article. Title of Publication, volume number (issue number), pp. <insert page range>. Retrieved from <insert URL of journal homepage>
|
Examples
Items in green indicate variations in the citation based on the format.
Electronic or Print Journal Article with a DOI
Walters, G. (2006, June). Appraising, researching and conceptualizing criminal thinking: a personal view.
Criminal Behaviour & Mental Health, 16(2), 87-99. doi:10.1002/cbm.50
Print Journal Article without a DOI
Walters, G. (2006, June). Appraising, researching and conceptualizing criminal thinking: a personal view.
Criminal Behaviour & Mental Health, 16(2), 87-99.
Electronic Journal Article without a DOI
Viemero, V. (1996, March). Factors in childhood that predict later criminal behavior. Aggressive Behavior,
22(2), 87-97. Retrieved from http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/32356/home
Electronic Magazine Article (from a library database)
Laidman, J. (2012). FAT CITY. Louisville Magazine, 63(1), 58. Retrieved from
http://0-ehis.ebscohost.com.library2.pima.edu/
Electronic Newspaper Article (from a library database)
Bell, J. (2009, August 17). Old friend helping Vick make new start. USA Today. Retrieved from
http://www.usatoday.com
Online Newspaper Article from Website
Jayson, S. (2006, June 29). The 'millennials' come of age. USA Today. Retrieved from
http://www.usatoday.com