The process starts with noticing an obstacle or unmet need, then clarifying exactly what the problem is and what an effective solution would look like.
Understanding and Representing the Problem
Individuals mentally organize the key elements, draw on memory, and sometimes create visual or verbal descriptions to ensure they grasp the nature and scope of the problem.
Generating Possible Solutions (Ideation)
People brainstorm, use analogies, or recall similar previous problems to come up with potential ways forward. This can involve creative or structured approaches like brainstorming sessions or using heuristics (mental shortcuts).
Selecting a Strategy
Common strategies include:
Trial and error
Algorithms (stepwise procedures guaranteeing a solution)
Heuristics (rules of thumb that shave time but may not be perfect)
Breaking down the problem (hierarchical reasoning—dividing a big problem into smaller, manageable pieces)
Applying the Solution
The chosen plan is implemented. If the first attempt fails, another candidate solution may be tried, or the problem might be redefined or reframed.
Evaluating the Results
After taking action, the outcome is assessed. If successful, the process ends; if not, new solutions are generated or previous steps are revisited and refined.
Humans solve problems through a series of thinking and behavioral steps that integrate both rapid, intuitive insights and slower, methodical analysis.
